Agricultural implement



6-V 110e ZG j' Jan. 8, 1929. l 1,698,188 B. cox

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT Filed Dec. 27, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet* 1 muy), PMAM!d W if j l' "L y m, Hf

Jan. 8, 1929. 1,698,188

B. cox

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT Filed Deo. 27, 1927 as neets-sma, .2

.Q 'Il' -ZZ Patented Jan. 8, 1929.

,UNITED STATES BRADFORD COX, 0F PLAINVIEWfTEXAS'.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT.

Application. led December 27, 1927. Y Serial No. 242,626.

Thisv invention relates to agricultural implements. It concerns a markeddevelopnient in the construction ot rotary imple.- ments suoli as diskplows, disk harrows and the like by means ot which they may be greatlysiinplilied Vand improved.. lt is applicable particularly to disk plowsot the cylinder type wherein a pluralityV of disks are mounted onl acommon shaft so as to rotate in unison, but it may also be used withother types of disk plows, with disk hai'- rows, disk cultivators, andother devices wherein a circula-r disk having a concave tace is used forstirring or turning over the soil `by pulling the disk through the soilwhile it is located at an angle to the line of drait, such actionresulting in the turning ot the disk and in moving the soil across theconcave tace oit the disk.

, One of the chief difficulties with rotary implements or" this kind isthe counterbalancing of the sidethrulst on the implement as it is pulledthrough the ground. The disk or disks are locatedV at an angle suchthatI the reaction of plowing tends to cause the plow to skew or `slide toone side. The standard practice is to supply the' plow with ya number ofvery heavy wheels, the weight ot which tends to prevent side slip. Thesewheelsare often positioned at an angle'to the vertical so as to get abetter grip on the ground to prevent. sliding of the plow. Three wheelsare usually employed and the provision of these requires the provisionot a correspondingl number et axles, adjusting levers and trame parts.lVliile they Vserve with some success in preventing a plowfiom movingsideways they are clumsy, andpunsatistactory. The many parts make theplow expensive; they add very materiallyto thev weight ot the plow andthis increases the power .inquired to pull the plow over the ground,thus increasing tbe cost of operation and 'they increase the space oc:upied by the plow, thereby making' it unwieldy and awkward to handle,particularly when it is so heavy. have been considered necessary, andpractically every disk plow now on the market lias them in some Jform.

The present invention comprehends the elimination ot the wheels, axlesand extr parts, and the absorption ot the side thrust by means of arolling landside associated witheach disk. The landsides or the partsassociated with them are made sutliciently However, theseeXti-a partsdisk.

heavy to provide the proper weight for causing penetration ot the plowand hence-no added parts are necessary for-this purpose. Theresult is anextremely simple, compact 4construction that is not only less expensiveto produce, but itis also less expensive to operate and much easier tohandle .than the old type of plow.

' The general object of the invention is; therefore, to provide animproved rotary disk implement.

i A more particular object is to provide an improved agriculturalimplement of the rotary disk type in which each disk is provided withV arolling landside for Vabsorbing the side thrust on the implement.

A further object is to provide an improved plow ot the so-called one-waydisk plow or cylinder disk plow type having a plurality o' disks thatrotate in unison, said plow being wheel-less and having aplurality ofrotary landsides for absorbing the side thrust on the plow. f Y,

Otherobjects and advantages of the invention will appear from thespecification and 'drawingsn 15in embodiment of theginvention is shownin the accompanyingdrawings in which:

F ig. lV is a plan view of a cylinder disk i plow embodying theinvention;

Fig. 2 is a rear view of the same in plow-k ing position;

Fig. 3 is a rear view ot the plow in trans-` port position;

Figa is a partial rear elevation and sectionshowing some ot the partsspread apart inorder to illustrate clearly how they are assembled; j n nFig. 5 is avertical section on the line 5 of Fig. 3K; J i

Fig. 6 is a liorizontalsection on the vline. 6 oli' Fig. 2; i i. Fig. isa yrear view of one ot the disks sliowiiigthe position it occupies whenthe plow is being used to plow to only a shallow depth;

,Fig 8 isa section ofamodiiied form of Tlieinvention is illustrated inconnection with a disk plow ot these-called 'one-way or cylinder type,that is, a plow in'` which a y K plurality ot cutting disks are mountedon a common shaft so that allot them` rotate in unison when the plow isbeing pulled over the ground. l

The cutting disks 1, which lare best illus# trated in Fie'. 4, arepreferably made of relatively' thin s eet steel and each has a circularcutting edge 2 and a concave face 3. The" concavity or cupping of thedisks may be varied to suit the requirements, a satisfactoryconstruction for the type of plow illustrated being a cupping of about2% inches on a disk 20 inches in diameter. This type of disk is wellknown in the art, being used on disk plows, disk harrows, diskcultivators and similar implements where disks are drawn over theVground while positioned at anangle to the line of draft.` Each of thedisks in the plow illustrated is provided with a square central opening4 to permit it to be assembled ona square shaft 5 illustrated in Fig. 4.`Any desired number of disks may be mounted on the shaft, as theinvention is independent of the number of disks, said num# ber dependingupon the size of the plow desired. It will be obvious that all the diskswill turn together' and that the turning of one will tend to turn theothers. if one of the disks should strike an obstruction it will notstop rotating because it will be turned forward by the rotating force ofthe other disks on the shaft. l Y

Ordinarily a` plow of this general type is furnished with an expensiveframe, with several axles and adjustingT means for each, and withseveral supporting wheels of heavy weight,all of which parts aresupplied in order to absorb the side thrust. Also expensive thrustbearings are employed for absorbing the end thrust of the disk shaft.Thrust bearings must be provided for the wheels also. The thrust fromthe disks is transmitted to the disk shaft, tothe thrust bearings, tothe frame and through the axles to the wheels, thereby subject-ing thewhole plow to a heavy` strain. All these expensive,

heavy and cumbersome parts areeliminated Vin the present invention bythe provision of a rolling landside for eachV disk which absorbs theside thrust for its own disk at the point where the side thrust occurs,thereby relieving the shaft of side thrust and making the use of4"thrust bearings, frames, axles and wheels unnecessary. These rollinglandsides are constructed in such a way that they can be convenientlyand easily mounted on the shaft 5 that carries the vcutting disks and`so that the whole plow may be inexpensively produced and easilyassembled.

Each of the rolling landsides 6, illustrated in Fig. 4, comprises aheavycircular plate or diskhaving a square central opening 7 by means ofwhich it maybe mounted on the i square shafts 5. Each landside has aconcave face `8 shaped to fit therear side of its cutting `disk 1 sothat when the landsides are `assembled at the rear of the cutting disksforming a substantial angle with the face of Likewise y cross section onthe line 6--6 in F'ig. 2.Y

Each rolling landside thus absorbs the side thrust of its individualdisk and there is very little if any side thrust on the shaft. 5. Theselandsides act no matter whether the plow is plowing a shallow furrow ora deep furrow, because Athe landside contacts the curved wall of thefurrow at the forward lower portion of the landside and it moves downinto the furrow along with its disk, that is, as the disk cuts deeperthe landside sinks with the disk and if the disk cuts shallow, thelandside moves to a shallowrposi- 10 between them, each of said collarshaving a square opening 11 for receivingthe Vshaft 5. The parts areproportioned so that the edges of the cut-ting disksare preferably aboutseven inches apart, but this spacing Y can be varied if desired.

. After the parts are assembled on the shaft they are held in positionby a washer 12 and a nut 13, there beingA a set ofthese for each end ofthe shaft. This manner of constructing the parts permits each of them to-be easily manufactured in an inexpensive way and it also makes the ploweasy to assemble or to take apart for the repair or replacement of anyone of the parts'. It. is merely necessary to 'slip` the cutting disks,

the landsides and the spacing collars onV the shaftV in the propersequenceY and then tighten the nuts 13 on the ends of the shaft afterthe washers 12 have been put in place. The plowgmay be taken apart byloosening the nuts and removing the disks, .spacing collars andlaudsides, anyone of which is then free to be repaired without having tocarry Vthe whole plow about. It will be understood that theV landsidescould be made integral with the cutting disksif desired, but theconstruction illustrated is the preferred form, because it permits theuse of a standard type of cutting disk which may be replaced withoutrequiring simultaneous replacement of the landsides.

Mounted on the shaft 5 are three simple bearings 14, l5 andltillustratedV in Figs. 3 and 5. All of the bearings are alike so onlyone of them will be described. Re-V ferring to Fig. 5, 'theV bearing hasay lower shaft freed froin'the bearings.

port a cross member' 2O preferably made out of a standard channel beam,the standards being'held to the channel by the same bolts 19 that holdthe bearings in place. Pivoted to the cross member 2O atthe center ofthe`plow isa draft bar 21y which extends for-l wardly for` connection tothe draw bar of a tractor. This draft bar is adjustably held Y invangular position relative to thev axis of the plow by means of asemi-circular angleA bar 22 having a plurality ofopenings 23 (Fig. 2)for receiving abolt 24; that extends through openings in a bracket 25 onthe bar 21 and through the openings 23 inthe y'semi-circular bar 22'.kThese parts provide simple draft connections for pulling the plow whichmaybe easily adjusted so as to varythe angle of the axis of the plowrelative to the line of draft. The normal position of the parts isillustrated in Fig. 1

where it will be observed that the surfaces ofthe rolling landsides areat` a slight angle to the 'line of ldraft as shown by the dot and dashlines Vhen it is desired to plow quite deep the draft 4connections :areadjusted so that4 the axisy of the plow is at a very considerable angleto the line of draft and, when shallow plowing is desired, the parts areadjusted so that the angle is less. When it is desired to transporttheplow the draftconnections are adjusted so that the axis .of the plowvis. at right angles to the forward vmotion of the plow in which case thedisks occupy the positionl illustrated in Fig. 3. The rolling landsidesrhave the vadded advantage that, in transportposition of the plow, theyprevent .the disks from penetrating .the soil to` as great an extent asthey otherwise would and Vthus make it easier to transport the plowabout without cutting up the ground. The exact construction of the draftconnections may be varied, and a different type of adjusting means maybe employed, but the form illustrated has been foundV satisfactory, andit will be observed that the construction provides la simple type ofdraft connection in which to clear obstructions'such as weeds, stocks,etc., thaty may be in a field that is vbeing plowed. v

. The rolling landside surface at the rear of each disk may be providedin a number of different ways and one modification is illustrated inFig.V 8. In this modification the cutting disk isrof the samegeneralconstruction as the cutting disk heretoforepde sci'ibed,butinst'ead of providingfa landside surface bythe utilization of a heavycasting mounted behind the disk, said sui'- face is provided by welding`or otherwise attaching tothe rear of the disk a cylindrical landside 31lmade ofthin sheet metal, lith this construction the weight foi-'causingpenetration of the disk may be provided by using a heav metal sleeve orcasting 32.'

In the event sucii sleeve is not desired it can be omitted and theweight for causingpenetration of the plow can be obtained by puttingweights on top of the cross member 'With thev consti'uetion thusprovidedia cylinder plow of extremely simpleA and inexpensive nature is`produced. `It is devoid of all wheels, axles and complicated or llargeframe constructions. It yis compact, `relatively light, and easy tohandle, vIt is not necessary to employ expensive thrust bearings as theside thrust on the plow `is abL sorbed by the walls of the furrows Vofeach of the disks, thereby avoiding putting da* strain on the plow. The.rolling landsides perform vthe double function of absorbing the sidethrust and of providing weight for causing the disks to vpenetrate theground. The disks and the landsides rotate together kso that there isalways a landside surface presented to the furrow wall for absorbing theside thrust. As the plow is pulled over the ground it pulverizes iteiiicientlyv to provide a .fine `seed bed for the planting of wheat orsimilar ci'ops. y, y

Although the invention has been illustrated and described in connectionwith a disk' plow of the so-calledioneway or cylind dei' type., it willbe clearthat it canbe used with rotary implements of other types such.,

for example,-as disk plows having one or more-plowing disks rotating'independently of one another, or with diskharrows'having one or moregangs of disks', or with disk cultivators or similar implementsVemploying rotary disks for-turning or stirring the soil.A

In each of these implements there is a very ico considerable side thrustcaused by the angu.- Y

lai' position of the disk in the soil. Bynsing the rolling landsideherein. disclosed this thrust is absorbediby the side wall of the fur--row-cut by the disk so that there is little, if any, tendency of theimplement to which the disk ispconnectedto skew or skid side- Y ways.the parts are high above the ground so asv It is to be understood thatthe construction shown isl for purposes of.'illustration` onlyv and thatvariations maybe made init with` out departing from the spirit and scopeof the invention as defined by claims.

the appended izo I claim: i

1. A rotary agricultural disk having `a concave face, a circular cuttingedge, and a circular landside surface adapted to rotate with the disk,said landside surface being at a substantial angle to the face of thedisk so as to bear against the wall of the furrow cut by the disk toabsorb the side thrust.

2. A rotary earth working diskliaving a concave facea circular cuttingedge, and a circula-r rear surface forming a substantial angle with theface of'the disk to forni a rolling landside adapted to contact the wallof the furrow cut by the disk to absorb the side thrust, there beingsuiiicient material associated with said disk to cause it to penetratethe soil.

3. The combination with an agricultural disk adaptedto rotate and tostir the soil when pulled thereover while positioned at an angle to theline of draft, of a rolling landside associated with the disk androtatable therewith, said landside having a surface for engaging theside of the furrow cut by the disk to absorb the side thrust.v Y 4. Thecombination with an agricultural disk adapted to rotate and to stir thelsoil when pulled thereover while positioned at an angle to the line ofshaft, of a rolling landside on the rear of said disk, said landsidebeingrotatable with the Vdisk and having a. surface engaging the side ofthe furrow cut by the disk to absorb the side thrust.

5. The combination with a circular concave metal disk adapted to rotateand to stir the soil when being pulled thereover while positioned at anangle to the line of draft, of a rolling landside at the rear of thedisk mounted to rotate therewith, said landside having a'surface at asubstantial angle to the `face ofsaid disk to bear against the wall ofthe furrow eut by the disk to absorb the side thrust, said rollinglandside being of sucient weight tov cause the disk to penetrate thesoil to a substantial depth.

6.V The combination with a relatively thin metal disk having `a circularcutting edge and a concave face, said disk being adapted to rotate tostir thesoil when being pulled thereover while positioned at an angleto.

the line of draft, of a heavy circular metal disk abutting the rear ofthe cutting disk,`

said heavy disk having aperipheral surface forming a substantial anglewith the face of the cutting disk to bear against the wall of the furrowcut by the disk. p `7. A wheelless diskplow comprising plurality o'frotatable plowingfr disks Vhaving circular cuttingl edges and concavefaces, a rolling landside `at the rearof each disk rotatable therewithand having a peripheral i surface formingan angle with the face of thedisk such that it bears against the wall of the furrow cut by said diskto absorb the side thrust of the plow,

cular cutting edges and concave faces, a cir- Y cular landside member atthe rea-r of each disk and rotatable therewith, each of said landsidemembers having a landside surface at an angle to the face of the disk tocontact the wall of the furrow cut by its disk to absorb the side thrustof the plow, each vof said `landside members lalso being of sulficicntweight to cause substantial penetration of its plowing disk, kand draftconnections for pulling the plow.

9. A disk plow comprising a plurality of circular disks mounted on acommon shaft to rotate in unison, each of sa-id'disks having a concaveface and a circular cutting edge,

a rolling landside associated with each of said disks, eachof saidlandsides having a peripheral surface forming an angle with Vthe face ofit-s cutting disk and located so as to s contactl the wall of the furrowcut by its disk to absorb the side thrust on the i plow, and draftconnections attached to the disk shaft for pulling the plow.

10. A disk plow comprising a plurality of circular disks `mounted `onarcommon shaft to rotate in unison, a rolling landsidel for each of saiddisks mounted on said shaft to rotate with the disks, each of saidlandsides being relatively heavy to cause the disks to penetrate thesoil and each having a peripheral surface formedat an angle so i tingdisk, said landsides being relatively y heavy to cause the cutting disksto penetrate the ground and each of them having a peripheral surfaceatan angle to its cutting disk to Contact the wall of the furrow cut by.its disk to absorb thegside thrust ofthe plow, spacing collars betweeneach cutting disk and the landside of the adjacent disk, each of saidcollars having polygonal openings therethrough, a Vshaft of polygonalcross section extending through the open-V ings in the cutting disks,the landsides and the spacing collars, means for clamping the disks,landsides, and spacing collars `together on said shaft. and draftconnections attached to the shaft for pulling the plow. Y

12. A disk plow comprising a plurality of 10 collars on the shaft,bearings on the shaft,

standards extending vertically ,upwardl from said bearings, a crossmember carried by said standards above the row of disks, a semicireulardraft member extending 'forward from said cross piece, and a draft barpivoted to the cross bar and adjustably connected to lthe semi-circularmember.

In testimony whereof, I have subscribed my name.

` BRADFORD COX.

CERTIFICATE GF CDRRECHON.

Patent No. 1,698,188; Granted January 8, 1929,` m

BRADFORD COX.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specificationof the above numbered patent requiring correction as foiows: Page 4,line 29, claim 4, .for the word "shaft" read "draft"; and that the saidLetters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the samemay conform to the record o `the case in the Patent Office. v

Signed and sealed this 5th tiny of February, A. D. i929.

` y M. J. Moore, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

